Hardware Overview
Like the past few generations of Samsung flagships, there are two main
models available, one with Qualcomm Snapdragon internals, and another
with Samsung Exynos inside. For several years now the Snapdragon model
has been the one most commonly sold, highlighting Qualcomm’s dominance
in the SoC space over this period. However, Samsung continues to sell an
Exynos model not just to show what their tech is capable of, but also
to provide a cheaper option for some markets and to gather feedback on
the performance of their own silicon.
With the Galaxy S5, for example, Samsung marketed a Snapdragon
801-powered model with LTE for most developed markets, while the Exynos
5422 model (that lacked LTE) was available in select regions. In my performance review of the Galaxy S5
I discovered that although the Snapdragon 801 model was faster and
supported LTE, the Exynos variant was $50 cheaper and still held its own
despite somewhat weaker hardware.
When it comes to the Galaxy Note 4, both models have been upgraded
significantly from a hardware perspective relative to the Galaxy S5, the
Exynos model especially. I still expect the Qualcomm model to be more
prevalent in the market though, as the Qualcomm brand is well
established in the minds of people who read in-store spec sheets.
The Qualcomm variant of the Galaxy Note 4 packs a Snapdragon 805 APQ8084
SoC, which is new to the TechSpot test bed. As it’s an APQ designated
part, the chip lacks an in-built LTE modem; however, Samsung has
indicated that this model supports Category 6 LTE (300 Mbps down, 50
Mbps up through 2x20 MHz carrier aggregation), suggesting it’s utilizing
Qualcomm’s fourth-generation Gobi MDM9x35 modem.
Aside from needing a dedicated modem, the APQ8084 is a beastly chip.
It’s still built on a 28nm HPm process and uses an ARMv7-A instruction
set, but has received updates in almost every area compared to the
Snapdragon 800/801. For starters, we’re looking at four Krait 450 cores
clocked up to 2.7 GHz. Krait 450 is a moderate upgrade on the Krait 400,
providing slightly more speed per clock. This means we can expect a
jump in performance larger than the relative increase in clock speed
over the cores.
As for the GPU, Qualcomm is packing in the Adreno 420, which now
supports OpenGL ES 3.1 and Direct3D 11.2. Clocked at up to 600 MHz,
Qualcomm is reporting that the Adreno 420 delivers 40% better
performance and a 20% reduction in power compared to the Snapdragon
800’s Adreno 330, which is impressive.
On the memory side, we’re looking at a pretty significant jump in
theoretical bandwidth compared to the Snapdragon 801. The 801 provided
14.9 GB/s of bandwidth through a 32-bit dual-channel LPDDR3 controller
clocked at 933 MHz; in the 805, this has been upgraded to quad-channel
at 800 MHz. As such, the Snapdragon 805 is capable of a maximum 25.6
GB/s of throughput when talking to the 3 GB of on-board RAM in the
Galaxy Note 4.
The improvements don’t stop there: the Snapdragon 805 also supports HEVC
(H.265) decoding on hardware for the first time. Not only that, the
image signal processor (ISP) has been upgraded to support 1.2 gigapixels
of throughput per second, good enough for 4K/30 video capture or
1080p/120. The dual-ISP design supports up to 55-megapixel cameras.
On the connectivity front, the Snapdragon 805 provides dual-band Wi-Fi
802.11a/b/g/n/ac with MU-MIMO, Bluetooth 4.1 (yes, not 4.0 anymore), and
IZAT Gen8B A-GPS+GLONASS.
And now that you’ve digested all that information about the Snapdragon
805, there’s another model to talk about. Again, the Note 4 is a
high-end device, so it requires the best that Samsung has to offer.
Enter the new Exynos 7 Octa SoC that Samsung detailed shortly after the
release of the Note 4. The chip falls into a new line of SoCs from
Samsung, and it’s the second 20nm HKMG chip from the company (after the
Exynos 5 Octa 5430 in some Galaxy Alpha models).
Interestingly, the Exynos 7 Octa 5433 is the first chip out of Samsung
to use ARM’s 64-bit capable ARMv8-A architecture. Unfortunately, as
Android 4.4.4 doesn't support 64-bit architectures, this SoC runs in
32-bit mode for the Galaxy Note 4. It’s possible that 64-bit support
will be added by the time the Note 4 receives an update to Android 5.0
Lollipop, though I wouldn’t count on it. That said, actually delivering
an ARMv8 chip at this stage is quite a significant achievement, even if
64-bit support isn’t enabled, so I’ll take what I can get.
Before I dig too far into the actual specs of the 5433 (or what I can
find on it), moving to 20nm is an important step in itself. Samsung is
now a node ahead of Qualcomm in actual shipping silicon (though their
20nm parts aren’t too far away), and should have an edge in power
consumption and/or performance if they play their cards right, at least
compared to the 28nm Snapdragon 805.
Like past Exynos products, the Exynos 7 Octa 5433 is a big.LITTLE part,
meaning it uses a combination of “little” low power cores in tandem with
“big” performance-oriented cores. It also supports heterogeneous
multi-processing with global task scheduling, allowing the small and big
cores to operate simultaneously. Theoretically this should provide the
perfect mix of performance and power efficiency, although for the past
few years I’ve had Qualcomm ahead on both fronts. This may change with
the 5433, though.
The big update to this Exynos 7 Octa we’re seeing in the Galaxy Note 4
is the use of both ARM Cortex-A57 and Cortex-A53 CPU cores. The Exynos
5433 uses four A57s clocked at 1.9 GHz and four A53s clocked at 1.3 GHz,
making the SoC an octa-core part. More important than the core count,
though, is the architecture behind these new cores, which has been
upgraded significantly over the A15/A7 cores of the past.
The Cortex-A57 is ARM’s current flagship CPU core, supporting 64-bit
applications and packing improved performance compared to the
Cortex-A15. ARM states that, at the same clock speed, an A57 core will
be around 20-30% faster than an A15 under 32-bit workloads (it’ll be
even faster in 64-bit mode, but that’s not relevant for the Galaxy Note 4
at this stage). These cores are used in the Exynos 7 Octa for
high-performance tasks like gaming and image manipulation.
The Cortex-A53 is paired with the A57 as it’s more power efficient,
though it’s still should deliver improved performance compared to the A7
it replaces. Like the A57, it supports 64-bit applications, and ARM
claims it performs around the same level as the Cortex-A9, but with a
smaller die and better energy efficiency. This means that the A53 today,
complementing the more powerful A57, will be able to deliver a 2012
flagship level of performance as merely a low-power core.
Samsung claims their new Exynos 7 Octa’s CPU is 57% faster than the CPU
in their Exynos 5 Octa, though they weren’t exactly specific about which
Exynos 5 Octa they were comparing their latest SoC to. I also suspect
that Samsung’s figures factor in the CPU running in 64-bit mode, which
is not supported on the Note 4 (at least at this stage).
The GPU used in the Exynos 5433 is also from ARM, this time the
Mali-T760 clocked at 700 MHz. Like the jump to Cortex-A5x cores, we’re
seeing a generational jump in GPU as well. Although this GPU still uses
ARM’s Midgard architecture, it’s now in its third generation, which
(like most upgrades in the mobile space), promises better performance
and energy efficiency compared to its predecessors.
I’m not completely confident on the specifications of the exact
Mali-T760 variant used in the Exynos 5433, though I expect it’s the
eight-core model. This would give it, at least on paper, performance
above what the Adreno 330 provides in the Snapdragon 801. How the GPU
compares to the Adreno 420 in the Snapdragon 805 will be quite
interesting, as in the past Qualcomm has had a significant advantage in
this space. Samsung themselves claim a 76% performance improvement over
the Mali-T628MP6.
As for the memory controller, the Exynos 5433 uses a dual-channel 32-bit
LPDDR3 controller clocked at 825 MHz, providing 13.2 GB/s of bandwidth.
This is around Snapdragon 800 levels of throughput, so it’s a bit
behind the Snapdragon 805. How restrictive this will be remains to be
seen; I’d expect graphics could be an area that the limited bandwidth
affects.
Samsung isn’t ready to fully integrate a networking solution into the
same die as the Exynos SoC, so extra chips are needed to facilitate
Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, LTE and other connectivity features. Luckily Samsung
has used high-end parts for the Exynos variant of the Note 4, meaning
you’ll get largely the same features as the Snapdragon model, including
LTE (for once) thanks to an Exynos 303 modem.
The Exynos model packs Category 4 LTE (150/50 Mbps), which should
suffice for most countries worldwide (though as I mentioned earlier, I
still expect the Snapdragon model to be more prevalent). There’s also
HSPA+, GSM/GPRS/EDGE, Wi-Fi 802.11a/g/b/n/ac, Bluetooth 4.1, and
A-GPS+GLONASS.
Note that the model numbers listed above are the ones we benchmarked
for this review. There are many more models with either the Snapdragon
805 or Exynos 7 Octa inside.
Both models also have an infrared LED for controlling TVs, and NFC
on-board. As far as hardware goes the Snapdragon and Exynos models are
the closest I’ve seen from Samsung in quite some time, and it’s
especially important to see both now with LTE inside.
~ Tim Schiesser
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